Helianthus annuus

Common Names

Sunflower, Common Sunflower

Summary

Sunflower is a native North American annual with tall upright stems and broad serrated leaves; its flower head features yellow ray petals surrounding a central disk that matures into seeds, and immature buds exhibit heliotropism by tracking the sun east to west while mature heads face east; edible seeds are produced, and the plant yields seed oil, and it attracts bees, butterflies, and other pollinators.

In cultivation, it prefers full sun and well-drained soil; direct sow after the danger of frost, with drought-tolerant deep taproot; staking is advised for tall varieties; it is grown as an ornamental plant and cut flower, and seeds are edible for humans and serve as wildlife food for birds.

Lifecycle

Annual

Height

2 to 10 ft.

Spread

12–24 inches

Hardiness Zones

Zones 2-11

Sunlight Requirements

Ideally full sun (6–8 hours direct sunlight); tolerates partial shade.

Soil Type

Well-draining, nutrient-rich loam or sandy loam soil, pH 6.0–7.5

Soil Drainage

Well-drained soil; avoid waterlogging.

Soil pH

6.0-7.5, slightly acidic to neutral

Bloom Color

Yellow

Bloom Time

Summer to Fall

Foliage Color

Green

Fall Foliage Color

Green

Leaf Lifecycle

Deciduous

Growth Rate

Fast-growing

Seasons of Interest

Summer and Fall

Propagation Methods

Seeds, Cuttings (not typical)

Attracts Wildlife

Attracts bees, butterflies, other pollinators, and birds