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Juniperus communis

A circumboreal evergreen coniferous shrub or small tree widely distributed across the northern hemisphere, growing on dry, open, rocky sites with well-aerated soils, intolerant of shade, relying on birds for seed dispersal, and generally fire-sensitive with slow postfire recovery.

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Common Names

Common Juniper, Juniper, Irish Juniper, Blueberry Delight Juniper, Ground Juniper, Dwarf Juniper, Mountain Common Juniper, Old Field Common Juniper, Prostrate Juniper

Summary

Common juniper is an evergreen conifer forming a ground-cover to small tree, native to North America, Europe and Asia, with needle-like leaves in whorls of three and a white band on the inner surface; female plants produce fleshy, berry-like seed cones that ripen green to purple-black and are used for gin flavoring and cooking; foliage is fragrant.

Prefers full sun and well-drained soils; tolerates sandy, loamy, and clay soils and very acidic or very alkaline conditions; drought-tolerant; deer generally avoid it; not recommended south of USDA Zone 6; propagation by seed or semi-ripe cuttings; landscape uses include ground covers, borders, hedges, windbreaks, erosion control, and wildlife habitat; berries flavor gin and cooking, and essential oil is used in perfumery and crafts.

Lifecycle

Perennial

Height

5-25 ft

Spread

8-12 feet

Hardiness Zones

Zones 2-7

Sunlight Requirements

Ideally full sun; tolerates partial sun to partial shade.

Soil Type

Well-drained soil

Soil Drainage

Well-drained soil

Soil pH

4.0-8.0, mildly acidic to mildly alkaline, tolerates acidic to alkaline soils

Bloom Color

Yellow

Bloom Time

Spring (April–June)

Foliage Color

Green

Fall Foliage Color

No fall color

Leaf Lifecycle

Evergreen needle

Growth Rate

Slow to very slow growth; typically a few cm per year; 5–10 years to establish a good root system.

Seasons of Interest

Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter

Propagation Methods

Seeds, Cuttings, Layering, Division, Root cuttings, Suckers, Graft

Attracts Wildlife

Attracts birds, butterflies, and moths

Taxonomy

Taxonomic Rank
Species
Author
L.
Publication
Sp. Pl. 1040. (1753)

Superior Taxa

Kingdom
Plantae
Subkingdom
Pteridobiotina
Phylum
Pinophyta
Class
Pinopsida
Subclass
Cupressidae
Order
Cupressales
Family
Cupressaceae
Genus
Juniperus

Inferior Taxa

Juniperus communis var. communis Juniperus communis var. charlottensis Juniperus communis var. depressa Juniperus communis var. hemisphaerica Juniperus communis var. kelleyi Juniperus communis var. megistocarpa Juniperus communis var. nipponica Juniperus communis var. saxatilis

Synonyms

Juniperus uralensis Juniperus reflexa Juniperus saxatilis Juniperus dealbata Juniperus cracovia Juniperus fastigiata Juniperus borealis Juniperus argaea Juniperus microphylla Juniperus hibernica Juniperus hispanica Juniperus interrupta Juniperus kanitzii Juniperus albanica Sabina dealbata Juniperus communis var. arborescens Juniperus communis var. oblonga Juniperus communis var. hispanica Juniperus communis var. stricta Juniperus communis var. fastigiata Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. hemisphaerica Juniperus communis subsp. brevifolia Juniperus communis subsp. cupressiformis Juniperus communis subsp. pannonica Juniperus communis var. oblonga-pendula Juniperus communis var. pendula Juniperus communis var. pendula-aurea Juniperus communis f. pendulina Juniperus communis f. pungens Juniperus communis f. aurea Juniperus communis f. suecica Juniperus communis f. stricta Juniperus communis f. pendula Juniperus communis var. pendens Juniperus oblonga-pendula Juniperus communis var. compressa Juniperus communis f. compressa Juniperus communis var. montana Juniperus communis var. vulgaris Juniperus withmanniana Juniperus communis f. crispa Juniperus compressa Juniperus communis var. erecta Juniperus communis var. suecica Juniperus vulgaris Juniperus communis var. brevifolia Juniperus communis f. oblonga-pendula Juniperus communis var. variegata-aurea Juniperus communis var. aurea Juniperus communis var. reflexa

References

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Common juniper (Juniperus communis) | Tree A-Z | O…. treeandlandscape.ie.
Juniper: A Common Evergreen - The Herb Society of …. blog.herbsociety.org.
Common Juniper - Calscape. calscape.org.
Conifer Database - communis. conifersociety.org.
How To Grow Juniperus communis. earthone.io.
Juniperus communis. en.wikipedia.org.
Landscaping with Common Junipers: Types, Uses, Car…. freshpatio.com.
Juniperus Communis. goert.ca.
Common juniper | Juniperus communis - The Morton A…. mortonarb.org.
Common juniper, Juniperus communis | Autumn 2006 |…. northernwoodlands.org.
Juniperus communis, Common Juniper - Plant Databas…. plantdatabase.uconn.edu.
Juniperus communis var. communis (Common Juniper). plants.ces.ncsu.edu.
Juniperus communis , common juniper. research.fs.usda.gov.
Common Juniper (Juniperus communis)-Hort Answers -…. web.extension.illinois.edu.
Juniperus communis - How to grow & care. growplants.org.
Common Juniper - Growing Tips, Info, Guide & Quest…. perenual.com.
Juniperus communis Juniper, Common juniper PFAF Pl…. pfaf.org.
Juniperus communis | common juniper Conifers/RHS G…. rhs.org.uk.
Juniperus communis(COMMON JUNIPER) - Sooner Plant …. soonerplantfarm.com.
How to Grow and Care for Common Juniper - The Spru…. thespruce.com.
Juniperus communis (Common juniper) | Native Plant…. wildflower.org.
Juniper (Juniperus communis) - British Trees - Woo…. woodlandtrust.org.uk.
World Flora Online. worldfloraonline.org. June 2024.