Fraxinus velutina

Common Names

Velvet Ash, Arizona Ash, Modesto Ash, Fresno, Desert Ash

Summary

Velvet Ash, also called Arizona ash, is a native riparian, deciduous tree of the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It typically grows 30–50 ft tall with a rounded crown and a 45–60 ft spread, featuring velvety new growth and glossy green leaves that are pinnately compound with 3–9 leaflets; fall color is yellow, and the bark is gray-brown and fissured. Flowers are green and inconspicuous in spring, and the dioecious tree produces winged samaras as fruits that mature in late summer to fall; the tree provides dense shade and tolerates hot, dry climates with regular watering.

It thrives in full sun to partial shade on well-drained soils including clay, loam, or sand; moderate water needs with drought tolerance once established, making it suitable for arid-region landscapes and urban uses such as shade, street, and median plantings. It is commonly propagated by seed (seed stratification of 30–60 days at 41°F) and may be used in reclamation; cultivation requires careful pruning to develop a strong single trunk, as multiple upright trunks can occur, and the tree can be susceptible to borers, necessitating monitoring and maintenance; hardy to about -10°F.

Lifecycle

Perennial

Height

30-50 feet

Spread

45-60 feet

Hardiness Zones

Zones 7-10

Sunlight Requirements

Full sun to partial sun.

Soil Type

Well-drained loamy soil

Soil Drainage

Well-drained, fast-draining soil; not waterlogged.

Soil pH

6.0-8.0, No specific ideal, tolerates acidic to alkaline soils

Bloom Color

Green

Bloom Time

Spring

Foliage Color

Green

Fall Foliage Color

Yellow and gold

Leaf Lifecycle

Deciduous

Growth Rate

Fast growth; about 2–3 feet per year under good conditions.

Seasons of Interest

Spring

Propagation Methods

Seeds, Cuttings, Hardwood cuttings, Semi-hardwood secondary cuttings

Attracts Wildlife

Bees: Yes, Butterflies: Yes, Birds: Yes